Caliph Abu Bakr seized the opportunity to launch military campaigns that overran the Sassanians and captured Roman-held territories in the Caucasus, the Levant, Egypt, and elsewhere in North Africa. Lets look directly into the abyss of collapse, they say, and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a turbulent future., Christopher Ketcham is the author, most recently, of This Land: How Cowboys, Capitalism, and Corruption Are Ruining the American West. Jeff Gibbs is the writer and director of the documentary Planet of the Humans., (Photo illustration by Nicole Vas/Los Angeles Times; John Antczak/Associated Press), Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. This lead the WHO to name the antivaccination movement one of the world's top 10 public-health threats. The Khmer Empire went into decline and was replaced by the Thais, who were pushed southward by the Mongols. Of course, if you are a nonhuman species, collapse is well underway. Scholars of collapse tend to fall into two loose camps. [20] Signs of a gradual decline began to emerge in 1900 BC, and two centuries later, most of the cities had been abandoned. Societal collapse is avoided entirely. It could also be total Armageddon if the scales tip into a nuclear winter or hothouse Earth scenario. The metaphor would hold: In the early 20th century, the German historian Oswald Spengler proposed that all cultures have souls, vital essences that begin falling into decay the moment they adopt the trappings of civilization. But it did., Turchin is not the only one who is worried. In the final years of the Roman Republic, Roman women were well known for divorcing, having extramarital affairs, and being reluctant to bear children. The last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was dethroned in 476 by the German Odoacer, who declared himself King of Italy. That problem, however, has nothing to do with the problems of the people they enslaved. Tainter develops a model of collapse via seventeen examples, then applies the model to three case studies: The Western Roman Empire, the Mayan civilization of Mesoamerica, and the Chaco culture . Jared Diamond suggests that societies have also collapsed through deforestation, loss of soil fertility, restrictions of trade and/or rising endemic violence. There is, however, another way to look at this.
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what would societal collapse look like